نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسنده English
This study aimed to investigate the role of the emotional-explanatory content of Madahi (religious eulogy chanting) in strengthening defensive social capital in the context of hybrid warfare, with a case study of the Ramadan War (February 2026 to May 2026). The Ramadan War, as an instance of hybrid warfare, targeted social cohesion and societal resilience through simultaneous military, economic, media, and cognitive pressures. Employing the grounded theory method (systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin), data were collected through in-depth interviews with Madahs, military-security experts, religious studies professors, clerics, and young audiences, and analyzed using three-stage coding (open, axial, and selective). Findings revealed that causal conditions (economic-war-related, media-psychological, and generational pressures) challenge ritual participation. However, the emotional-explanatory content of Madahi generates an effective response through three key processes: reinterpretation of hardships within a Ramadan-Ashura narrative, strengthening defense-oriented solidarity in nightly gatherings, and integration of national and religious symbols. These processes, supported by social capital within ritual networks, digital content circulation, and audience socio-economic conditions, lead to strategies such as reflecting war realities in content, organizing public support, and expanding the discourse of resistance. Short-term outcomes include reduced psychological damage and strengthened local support networks, while the foundations for enhanced national-religious identity cohesion and cultural deterrence are identified as potential long-term consequences requiring longitudinal research. Ultimately, the extracted paradigmatic model of the "Defensive Solidarity Cycle" illustrates Madahi's practical mechanisms for strengthening defensive social capital in hybrid warfare conditions.
کلیدواژهها English